Understanding the Difference Between Light and Heavy Railways

Before diving into the legal requirements, it’s important to distinguish between light rail systems and heavy railway tracks:

• Light rail systems: These typically operate within cities and share roads with vehicles and pedestrians. Examples include the Metro Rail in Los Angeles and Muni Metro in San Francisco.
• Heavy railways: These are primarily used for freight and passenger trains, such as Amtrak and Union Pacific. They often have designated crossings, gates, and warning signals.

Because light rail trains operate in urban settings, drivers frequently encounter them at intersections, while heavy railway crossings are more common on highways and suburban roads.

Legal Requirements for Driving Over Light and Heavy Railways

The California Vehicle Code (CVC) provides specific regulations for safely crossing railroad tracks. Here’s what drivers need to know:

1. Stop When Required (CVC 22451)

According to CVC 22451, all drivers must stop at least 15 feet from a railway crossing if:

• A train is approaching and is close enough to be dangerous.
• A crossing gate is down, or warning lights are flashing.
• A flagger signals you to stop.

Proceeding before it is safe can result in hefty fines and points on your driving record.

2. Never Drive Around or Ignore Gates (CVC 22451b)

If a railway crossing gate is down, drivers must not drive around it or attempt to cross. Doing so is a serious violation that can result in fines, license suspension, or even criminal charges if it leads to an accident.

3. Right-of-Way Rules at Light Rail Intersections

When driving over light railways, the same right-of-way rules apply as at any other intersection. Trains always have the right-of-way over vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians. Even if a train appears to be moving slowly, it cannot stop quickly.

Drivers should yield when:

• A light rail train is crossing an intersection.
• Flashing red lights or bells indicate an approaching train.
• A train has signaled its approach with horns or warning systems.

4. Stopping on Tracks is Illegal (CVC 22526)

Many accidents occur when vehicles get stuck on railroad tracks. CVC 22526 makes it illegal to enter a railway crossing unless you have enough space to fully clear the tracks. If traffic is backed up, wait before crossing to avoid getting stranded.

5. School Buses and Hazardous Materials (CVC 22452)

Certain vehicles, such as school buses and trucks carrying hazardous materials, are required by law to stop completely at all railroad crossings, even if no train is approaching. This is to ensure the safety of passengers and prevent hazardous spills in case of an emergency.

Safety Tips for Driving Over Light and Heavy Railways

Legal compliance is only one part of safe railway crossings. Here are some essential safety tips to protect yourself and others when driving over light and heavy railways:

1. Approach Crossings with Caution

• Always slow down and be prepared to stop.
• Look both ways before crossing, even if warning signals are not activated.
• Listen for train horns—some crossings may not have lights or gates.

2. Never Assume Tracks Are Abandoned

Even if you rarely see trains at a certain crossing, never assume the tracks are unused. Freight and maintenance trains can run at unexpected times.

3. Obey Traffic Signs and Pavement Markings

Many crossings have pavement markings, such as STOP LINES or “RXR” symbols, to indicate where you should stop. Pay close attention and obey all signs, signals, and road markings.

4. If Your Car Gets Stuck, Exit Immediately

If your vehicle stalls on the tracks:

1. Exit the car immediately—even if you don’t see a train.
2. Move at least 100 feet away from the tracks in the direction the train is coming from. This reduces the risk of debris hitting you if the train impacts your vehicle.
3. Call 911 or the emergency number posted at the crossing.

5. Be Extra Cautious at Night and in Bad Weather

Visibility is lower at night or during foggy conditions, making it harder to see trains or crossing signals. Reduce speed, use headlights, and stay alert to avoid accidents.

Penalties for Violating Railway Crossing Laws

Ignoring railway crossing laws can lead to serious consequences, including:

• Fines ranging from $150 to over $500 for driving around gates.
• Points on your driving record, which can lead to higher insurance rates.
• License suspension for repeat offenses.
• Criminal charges if a violation leads to an accident or injury.

Driving Over Light and Heavy Railways

Driving over light and heavy railways in California requires attentiveness, patience, and a clear understanding of the law. By following the California Vehicle Code and adhering to safety practices, you can prevent accidents, avoid legal penalties, and protect yourself and others on the road.

Next time you approach a railroad crossing, remember: stop, look, and listen—because when it comes to trains, safety always comes first.